Varieties of Chilli Found In India
The varieties under cultivation differ in the size, shape, colour and pungency of the fruits. The fruits may be thin and long large and thick, short and bell-shaped, small and round. The unripe fruits may be green, creamy, yellow or orange. Similarly, the ripe fruits may be of different shades of red. Capsicum annum and G. frutescens are the two principle species grown in India and the varieties of the former constitute the chief source of the dry chilli of commercial use. The major varieties of India are Birds Eye Chilli (Dhani), Byadagi (Kaddi), Ellachipur (Sannam S4 Type), Guntur Sannam S4Type, Hindur S7, Jwala, Kanthari White, Kashmir Chilli etc. Sannam S 4 variety is most popular variety, with its annual production estimated to be around 3 lakh tons a year. It is also the major variety that is exported.
Local varieties of chillies in different states of India
|
State
|
Local name
|
|
Tamil Nadu
|
‘Salem’, ‘Ramanand’, ”, ‘Samba local’, ‘Sattur Samba’, Co 1, Co2, K-1, K-2
|
|
Andhra Pradesh
|
‘Mundu’, Sadasvipet’, ‘Sivali’, ‘Nailapadu’, ‘Warangal’, ‘Lanka Chilli’.
|
|
Assam
|
‘Suryasmukhi’, Latabh’, ‘Tiger’
|
|
Bihar
|
‘Rahri’, ‘Sity Patna Red’, ‘Sabour’
|
|
Gujarat
|
‘Cholar’, Patta’
|
|
Karnataka
|
‘Javari’, ‘Javageal’, ‘Colibil danur’, ‘Gowridnur’, ‘Byadgi type’, ‘Sankeshwar type’, ‘Chincholi’, ‘Killegal type’, ‘Arsikere’, ‘Madhugiri’.
|
|
Kerala
|
‘Kandhari’.
|
|
Maharashtra
|
‘Dondiha’, ‘Achaipur’, ‘Malkapuri’.
|
|
Madhya Pradesh
|
‘Elichupr’, NP 34
|
|
Punjab
|
‘Sirhindi’, ‘Sanauri Red’, ‘Sanauri Yellow’, ‘Patna Red’, Rajpura, Long Red’, ‘Jullundur’, ‘Shokati’,Longi
|
|
Uttar Pradesh
|
‘Kalianpur’
|
CHILLIES OF INDIA
|
Name
|
Description
|
ASTA color value
|
Capsaicin
|
Growing areas
|
|
Bird’s eye chilli(dhani)
|
Blood red in color, highly pungent
|
41.7
|
0.589%
|
Mizoram & some areas of Manipur
|
|
Byadagi(kaddi)
|
Red in color, less pungency or without pungency
|
156.9
|
Negligible
|
Dharwar, Karnataka
|
|
Ellachipur sannam-S4 type
|
Reddish in color and very hot
|
70.4
|
0.2%
|
Amaravathi district of Maharashtra.
|
|
Guntur sannam-S4 type
|
Skin thick,hot and red
|
32.1
|
0.226%
|
Guntur, Warangal, Khammam districts of Andhra pradesh.
|
|
Hindpur-S7
|
Red in color,hot and highly pungent
|
33
|
0.24%
|
Hindpur in Andhra Pradesh.
|
|
Jwala
|
Highly pungent, light red in color, short and the seeds are pungent
|
–
|
0.4%
|
Kheda, Mehsana and in south Gujarat.
|
|
Kanthari – white
|
Short and ivory white in color with high pungency
|
2.96
|
0.504%
|
Kerala and some parts of Tamil Nadu.
|
|
Kashmiri chilli
|
Long,fleshy, deep red in color
|
54.10
|
0.325%
|
Himachal Pradesh, Jammu and Kashmir and also in subtropical regions of North India during winter seasons.
|
|
Madhya Pradesh G.T.sannam
|
Red in color and pungent
|
–
|
–
|
Indore, Malkapur Chikli and Elachpur areas of Madhya Pradesh.
|
|
Madras pari
|
Pure red in color and hot
|
73.82
|
0.206%
|
Nellore District of Andhra Pradesh
|
|
Nagpur
|
Red in color and pungent
|
–
|
–
|
Nagpur District of Maharashtra
|
|
Nalchetti
|
Red in color and extremely pungent
|
77.03
|
0.12%
|
Nagpur District of Maharashtra
|
|
Ramnad Mundu
|
Yellowish red and hot
|
32.95
|
0.166%
|
Ramnad District of Tamil Nadu
|
|
Sangli sannam-S4type
|
Light red in color and hot
|
73.55
|
0.215%
|
Kolhapur District of Maharashtra
|
|
Sattur-S4
|
Red in color,pungent with thick skin
|
59.1
|
0.24%
|
Virudhunagar, Dindigul, Sattur, Rajapalayam, Sankarankoil & Theni in Tamil Nadu.
|
|
S9 Mundu
|
Tomato red in color with fairly good pungency
|
–
|
–
|
|
|
Tadapally-big long
|
Red in color,less pungent,thick skin
|
80.30
|
0.11%
|
Tadappally in Andhra Pradesh
|
|
Tomato chilli(Warangal chappatta)
|
Deep red and les pungent
|
125.26
|
0.17%
|
Warangal, Khammam, East & West Godavari Districts of Andhra Pradesh
|
|
Scotch Bonnet
|
Introduced from Jamaica. Cultivationn in India is on the initial stage
|