Oleoresin Solvents and Their Properties
The following solvents were chosen for extraction
- Acetone
- Hexane
- Ethylene Dichloride
Salient properties of the solvents are given below
Properties of Acetone
|
Molecular formula
|
C6H14
|
|
Density
|
0.6548 g/mL, liquid
|
|
Molar mass
|
86.18 g/mol
|
|
Appearance
|
Colorless liquid
|
|
Melting point
|
95 ºC (178 K)
|
|
Boiling point
|
69 ºC (342 K)
|
|
Solubility in water
|
13 mg/L at 20ºC
|
|
Viscosity
|
0.294 cP at 25 ºC
|
|
Molecular weight
|
58.08
|
|
Boiling point
|
56.29ºC
|
|
Vapor pressure
|
184.5 Torr at 20ºC
|
|
Freezing point
|
-94.7ºC
|
|
Refractive index
|
1.3587 at 20?C
|
|
Density
|
0.7900 g/mL (6.592 lb/gal) at 20ºC 0.7844 g/mL (6.546 lb/gal) at 25ºC
|
|
Dielectric constant
|
20.7 at 25ºC
|
|
Dipole moment
|
2.69 D at 20ºC
|
|
Solvent group
|
6
|
|
Polarity index (P’)
|
5.1
|
|
Eluotropic value on alumina
|
0.56
|
|
Viscosity
|
0.36 cP at 20ºC
|
|
Surface tension
|
23.32 dyn/cm at 20ºC
|
|
Solubility in water
|
Miscible in all proportions
|
|
Flash point
|
-4ºF (-20ºC) by closed cup
|
|
Lower explosive limit
|
2.50%
|
|
Upper explosive limit
|
12.8%
|
Properties of Hexane
|
Molecular weight
|
86.18 |
| Boiling point | 68.7ºC |
| Vapor pressure | 124 Torr at 20ºC |
| Freezing point | -95.3ºC |
| Refractive index | 1.3749 at 20ºC |
| Density | 0.6594 g/mL (5.503 lb/gal) at 20ºC 0.6548 g/mL (5.464 lb/gal) at 20ºC |
| Dielectric constant | 1.88 at 25 ºC |
| Dipole moment | 0.08 D at 25ºC |
| Solvent group | 0 |
| Polarity index (P’) | 0.1 |
| Eluotropic value on alumina | 0.01 |
| Viscosity | 0.31 cP at 20ºC |
| Surface tension | 17.91 dyn/cm at 25ºC |
| Solubility in water | 0.014% at 20º |
| Flash point | -7ºF (-22ºC) by closed cup |
| Lower explosive limit | 1.1% |
| Upper explosive limit | 7.5% |
The low boiling point of hexane (67ºC / 152ºF) and the high solubility of oils and fats in it are the properties exploited in the solvent extraction process
Properties of Ethylene Dichloride
|
Molecular weight
|
98.96
|
|
Boiling point
|
83.48ºC
|
|
Vapor pressure
|
83.35 Torr at 20ºC
|
|
Freezing point
|
-35.66ºC
|
|
Refractive index
|
1.4448 at 20ºC
|
|
Density
|
1.253 g/mL (10.46 lb/gal) at 20ºC
1.246 g/mL (10.40 lb/gal) at 25ºC
|
|
Dielectric constant
|
10.36 at 25C
|
|
Dipole moment
|
1.83 D at 25ºC
|
|
Solvent group
|
5
|
|
Polarity index (P’)
|
3.5
|
|
Eluotropic value on alumina
|
0.49
|
|
Viscosity
|
0.79 cP at 20ºC
|
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